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Apocynaceae
Apocynaceae image
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JANAS 27(2)
PLANT: Trees, shrubs, vines, or perennial herbs, usually with milky sap. LEAVES: opposite, alternate, or whorled, simple, entire, estipulate. INFLORESCENCE: cymes to panicles, or flowers solitary. FLOWERS: perfect, actinomorphic; calyx lobes 5, imbricate in bud; corolla 5-merous, syrnpetalous, twisted in bud, campanulate to salverform; stamens 5, epipetalous, alternating with the lobes, the anthers often connivent around the stigma; pistil 2-carpelled, ovaries 2, superior, distinct or united apically, each l-loculed, the style 1 with a single, often enlarged stigma. FRUIT: (in ours) a pair of follicles, the seeds several, naked or comose. NOTES: 215 genera, 2100 spp., mostly tropical with a few temperate. Includes many important drug plants (Strophanthus, Catharanthus) and ornamentals (Nerium, Vinca, Thevetia). Woodson, R. E. 1938. N. Amer. Flora 29:103-192. Rosatti, T. J. 1989. J. Arnold Arbor. 70:307-401. REFERENCES: McLaughlin, Steven, P. 1994. Apocynaceae. J. Ariz. - Nev. Acad. Sci. Volume 27, 164-168.
JANAS 27(2)
PLANT: Perennial herbs, vines, or shrubs, mostly with milky sap. LEAVES: opposite, less commonly whorled or alternate, simple, entire; stipules absent or vestigial. INFLORESCENCE: interpetiolar or rarely terminal cymes, in ours, mostly racemose to umbelliform. FLOWERS: perfect, actinomorphic, 5-merous except for the gynoecium; calyx lobes basally connate; corolla sympetalous; stamens epipetalous, arising from the corolla tube, the filaments fused into a ring or tube (column) which surrounds the ovaries and styles, the anthers coherent or connate into a ring (anther head) and adherent to the thickened stigma head forming the central gynostegium, each anther with a terminal hyaline appendage and lateral, typically corneous margins (anther wings), the margins of each pair of adjacent anthers forming a slit leading to the stigmatic surface; pollen grains of each anther sac firmly coherent in a yellow, waxy mass (pollinium), the adjacent pollinia from each pair of anthers attached to a yoke-like, solidified secretion of the stigma head (translator), the translator consisting of 2 translator arms linked to a corpusculum, the entire apparatus of corpusculum, translator arms and paired pollinia (pollinarium) constituting the unit of pollen dispersal; gynoecium of 2 distinct, l-carpellate, superior ovaries united only at the apex by the enlarged, peltate stigma head, this with 5 lateral stigmatic surfaces opposite the anther wing slits; flowers typically with an elaborate, often showy corona (crown) arising from the column or from the region of union of the column and corolla, in ours consisting of a single cycle of 5 flat to infolded, hood-like or nearly spherical segments, distinct or united into a ring or tube, frequently each bearing a horn-like appendage within, or the crown in 2 separate cycles or rarely entirely absent. FRUIT: a many-seeded, ovoid to lanceolate follicle, the seeds typically flat, pear-shaped, with an apical tuft of silky hairs. NOTES: 250 genera, 2000 spp.; chiefly of tropical and subtropical regions of both hemispheres, and including many stem succulents of the Old World deserts, the ecological counterparts of the unrelated New World cacti. The Milkweed Family is elaborately adapted to entomophily: nectar-seeking insects engage the corpuscula with their legs or proboscises, thereby removing pollinia and transfering them to other flowers, where they are inadvertantly inserted between the anther wings, making contact with the stigmatic surfaces. In North America, milkweeds constitute the principal food of the monarch butterfly larva; cardenolides, poisonous compounds related to digitalis, are absorbed by the larvae from the plants and render both larva and adult butterfly unpalatable to avian predators; the striking color patterns of both larva and adult monarch serve to warn birds of this unpalatability. Woodson, R. E., Jr. 1941. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28:193-244; Bookman, S. S. 1981. Amer. J. Bot. 68:675-679. REFERENCES: Sundell, Eric. 1994. Asclepiadaceae. J. Ariz. - Nev. Acad. Sci. Volume 27, 169-187.
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Species within checklist: Arizona || << 1 - 50 taxa >>
Amsonia grandiflora
Image of Amsonia grandiflora
Amsonia jonesii
Image of Amsonia jonesii
Amsonia kearneyana
Image of Amsonia kearneyana
Amsonia palmeri
Image of Amsonia palmeri
Amsonia peeblesii
Image of Amsonia peeblesii
Amsonia tomentosa
Image of Amsonia tomentosa
Apocynum androsaemifolium
Image of Apocynum androsaemifolium
Apocynum cannabinum
Image of Apocynum cannabinum
Asclepias albicans
Image of Asclepias albicans
Asclepias angustifolia
Image of Asclepias angustifolia
Asclepias asperula
Image of Asclepias asperula
Asclepias brachystephana
Image of Asclepias brachystephana
Asclepias cryptoceras
Image of Asclepias cryptoceras
Asclepias cutleri
Image of Asclepias cutleri
Asclepias elata
Image of Asclepias elata
Asclepias engelmanniana
Image of Asclepias engelmanniana
Asclepias erosa
Image of Asclepias erosa
Asclepias hallii
Image of Asclepias hallii
Asclepias hypoleuca
Image of Asclepias hypoleuca
Asclepias incarnata
Image of Asclepias incarnata
Asclepias involucrata
Image of Asclepias involucrata
Asclepias latifolia
Image of Asclepias latifolia
Asclepias lemmonii
Image of Asclepias lemmonii
Asclepias linaria
Image of Asclepias linaria
Asclepias macrotis
Image of Asclepias macrotis
Asclepias nummularia
Image of Asclepias nummularia
Asclepias nyctaginifolia
Image of Asclepias nyctaginifolia
Asclepias quinquedentata
Image of Asclepias quinquedentata
Asclepias rusbyi
Image of Asclepias rusbyi
Asclepias speciosa
Image of Asclepias speciosa
Asclepias subulata
Image of Asclepias subulata
Asclepias subverticillata
Image of Asclepias subverticillata
Asclepias tuberosa
Image of Asclepias tuberosa
Asclepias uncialis
Image of Asclepias uncialis
Asclepias verticillata
Image of Asclepias verticillata
Asclepias viridiflora
Image of Asclepias viridiflora
Asclepias welshii
Image of Asclepias welshii
Cycladenia humilis
Image of Cycladenia humilis
Cynanchum arizonicum
Image of Cynanchum arizonicum
Cynanchum ligulatum
Image of Cynanchum ligulatum
Cynanchum utahense
Image of Cynanchum utahense
Cynanchum wigginsii
Image of Cynanchum wigginsii
Gonolobus arizonicus
Image of Gonolobus arizonicus
Haplophyton cimicidum
Image of Haplophyton cimicidum
Macrosiphonia brachysiphon
Image of Macrosiphonia brachysiphon
Mandevilla stans
Image of Mandevilla stans
Matelea balbisii
Image of Matelea balbisii
Matelea parvifolia
Image of Matelea parvifolia
Matelea producta
Image of Matelea producta
Nerium oleander
Image of Nerium oleander
The National Science Foundation
Developments of SEINet, Symbiota, and associated specimen databases have been supported by National Science Foundation Grants (DBI 9983132, BRC 0237418, DBI 0743827, DBI 0847966)