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Eriophyllum
Family: Asteraceae
Eriophyllum image
Brent Miller  
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Dale E. Johnson, John S. Mooring in Flora of North America (vol. 21)
Annuals, perennials, subshrubs, or shrubs, 1-200 cm. Stems erect or decumbent, usually branched (proximally, distally, or ± throughout). Leaves mostly cauline; mostly alternate (proximal sometimes opposite); petiolate or sessile; blades usually 1-2(-3)-pinnately lobed, ultimate margins toothed, serrate, or entire, faces usually densely to sparsely woolly (abaxial or both, adaxial sometimes glabrescent). Heads radiate or discoid, borne singly or in loose to tight, corymbiform or compound-corymbiform arrays. Involucres campanulate to hemispheric, 3-12+ mm diam. Phyllaries persistent, 4-13(-15) in 1+ series (± erect in fruit, distinct or basally connate, lanceolate to oblanceolate, herbaceous or indurate, slightly to deeply concave, usually carinate, margins sometimes scarious, abaxial faces densely to sparsely woolly). Receptacles flat or convex to conic, smooth or pitted, glabrous, usually epaleate (with 1-6 hyaline paleae in E. ambiguum, obscurely setose in E. mohavense). Ray florets 0, or 4-13(-15), pistillate, fertile; corollas yellow or white (sometimes with reddish veins in E. lanosum). Disc florets (3-)10-300, bisexual, fertile; corollas yellow, tubes shorter than or about equaling funnelform throats, lobes 5, deltate. Cypselae linear-clavate to prismatic, flattened or 3-angled in rays, 4(-5)-angled in discs, hairy or glabrous; pappi 0, or persistent, of 6-12+ (distinct) erose to laciniate or aristate scales (in 1-2 similar or contrasting series), or ± coroniform. x = 8. Eriophyllum encompasses taxa that occur in seashore, chaparral, grassland, desert, forest, and alpine communities. Their disparateness encouraged taxonomic multiplication. Between 1890 and 1937, about 157 designations under the genus existed (L. Constance 1937). Constance reduced that taxonomic thicket to six annual and five perennial species; the perennial species E. lanatum consisted of ten varieties. Base diploid chromosome numbers for Eriophyllum (in the sense of Constance) species are x = 4, 5, and 7 for the annuals, and x = 8, 15, and 19 for the perennials (S. Carlquist 1956; J. S. Mooring 1997, 2001, 2002). Possibly, x = 15 and x = 19 represent paleopolyploidy. Only E. mohavense remains uncounted. B. G. Baldwin (1999) linked Mooring´s (1997) report of n = 19 in E. nevinii to chromosomal, morphologic, and rDNA evidence, and erected the genus Constancea on that species. Eriophyllum (in the sense of Constance) seems most closely related to the annuals Pseudobahia (x = 3, 4, 8) and Syntrichopappus (x = 6, 7). Eriophyllum (in the sense of Baldwin), Pseudobahia, and Syntrichopappus constitute a clade, and nomenclatural changes are necessary for a monophyletic classification (Baldwin and B. L. Wessa 2000; Baldwin et al. 2002). Mooring (1997) hypothesized a descending dysploidy phylogeny in Eriophyllum (in the sense of Constance) from E. nevinii. Baldwin et al. (2002, p. 174) stated that E. nevinii 'is an evolutionary outlier (although probably not ancestral) to' Eriophyllum in the sense of Constance. Natural intertaxon hybrids have been reported for the perennial species (L. Constance 1937; J. S. Mooring 1994) but not for the annuals. Experimental hybridizations have produced sterile hybrids between the annual E. congdonii and the perennial E. lanatum. Experimental crosses among seven of the annual species produced fertile hybrids between two morphologically similar species; the other combinations either failed or produced sterile hybrids (Mooring 2002). D. P. Tibor (2001) cited nine taxa of Eriophyllum as rare or endangered: the perennials E. confertiflorum var. tanacetiflorum, E. jepsonii, E. latilobum, E. (Constancea) nevinii, and E. lanatum vars. hallii and obovatum, and the annuals E. congdonii, E. mohavense
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Show all taxa
Eriophyllum ambiguum
Image of Eriophyllum ambiguum
Eriophyllum arachnoideum
Images
not available
Eriophyllum aureum
Image of Eriophyllum aureum
Eriophyllum biternatum
Image of Eriophyllum biternatum
Eriophyllum bolanderi
Image of Eriophyllum bolanderi
Eriophyllum brachylepis
Image of Eriophyllum brachylepis
Eriophyllum caespitosum
Image of Eriophyllum caespitosum
Eriophyllum cheiranthoides
Image of Eriophyllum cheiranthoides
Eriophyllum chrysanthum
Image of Eriophyllum chrysanthum
Eriophyllum cineraria
Image of Eriophyllum cineraria
Eriophyllum confertiflorum
Image of Eriophyllum confertiflorum
Eriophyllum congdonii
Image of Eriophyllum congdonii
Eriophyllum croceum
Image of Eriophyllum croceum
Eriophyllum gracile
Image of Eriophyllum gracile
Eriophyllum greenei
Image of Eriophyllum greenei
Eriophyllum jepsonii
Image of Eriophyllum jepsonii
Eriophyllum lanatum
Image of Eriophyllum lanatum
Eriophyllum lanceolatum
Image of Eriophyllum lanceolatum
Eriophyllum lanosum
Image of Eriophyllum lanosum
Eriophyllum latilobum
Image of Eriophyllum latilobum
Eriophyllum lutescens
Image of Eriophyllum lutescens
Eriophyllum mohavense
Image of Eriophyllum mohavense
Eriophyllum multicaule
Image of Eriophyllum multicaule
Eriophyllum multiflorum
Image of Eriophyllum multiflorum
Eriophyllum nevadense
Image of Eriophyllum nevadense
Eriophyllum nevinii
Image of Eriophyllum nevinii
Eriophyllum nubigenum
Image of Eriophyllum nubigenum
Eriophyllum obovatum
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not available
Eriophyllum paleaceum
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not available
Eriophyllum pringlei
Image of Eriophyllum pringlei
Eriophyllum staechadifolium
Image of Eriophyllum staechadifolium
Eriophyllum stoechadifolium
Image of Eriophyllum stoechadifolium
Eriophyllum tanacetiflorum
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not available
Eriophyllum trichocarpum
Image of Eriophyllum trichocarpum
Eriophyllum tridactylum
Image of Eriophyllum tridactylum
Eriophyllum wallacei
Image of Eriophyllum wallacei
Eriophyllum watsonii
Image of Eriophyllum watsonii
The National Science Foundation
Developments of SEINet, Symbiota, and associated specimen databases have been supported by National Science Foundation Grants (DBI 9983132, BRC 0237418, DBI 0743827, DBI 0847966)