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Sonchus
Family: Asteraceae
Sonchus image
Max Licher
  • FNA
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Philip E. Hyatt in Flora of North America (vol. 19, 20 and 21)
Annuals, biennials, or perennials [shrubs], 3-350+ cm; taprooted, rhizomatous, or stoloniferous. Stems erect, branched distally or throughout, usually glabrous, sometimes stipitate-glandular (mostly distally). Leaves basal and cauline or mostly cauline; basal usually petiolate (petioles usually winged), cauline often sessile; blades mostly oblong, oblanceolate, or lanceolate, (bases often auriculate) margins usually 1(-2)-pinnately lobed, ultimate margins usually dentate (teeth often ± prickly), sometimes entire. Heads borne in corymbiform to subumbelliform arrays. Peduncles not notably dilated distally, usually ± bracteolate, glabrous or stipitate-glandular and/or tomentose. Calyculi 0. Involucres campanulate to urceolate, 5-15+ mm diam. Phyllaries 27-50 in 3-5+ series, unequal, green, deltate to lanceolate or linear, margins sometimes narrowly scarious (sometimes ciliate), apices acute (faces glabrous or stipitate- to setose-glandular). Receptacles flat to convex, ± pitted, glabrous, epaleate. Florets [30-]80-250[-450+]; corollas yellow to orange (not deliquescent; anthers yellowish to brownish apically). Cypselae stramineous or reddish to dark brown, ± compressed, mostly oblong or oblanceoloid to ellipsoid, beaks 0, ribs usually 2-4(-5+) on each face, faces sometimes transversely rugulose or tuberculate, glabrous; pappi tardily falling or persistent, of 80-100+, white, smooth or barbellulate bristles (some flattened, ± setiform scales), outer usually distinct in ± 1 series, inner basally coherent or connate, in 2-3+ series. x = 9. Sonchus species are herbs in North America; some are sometimes woody at bases.

Vascular plants of NE US and adjacent Canada
Fls all ligulate and perfect, yellow, few to more often numerous (80+ in all our spp.); invol ovoid or campanulate, rarely narrower, its bracts generally imbricate, occasionally merely calyculate, often basally thickened in age; achenes flattened, 6-20-ribbed, merely narrowed at the tip, beakless, glabrous, often transversely rugulose; pappus of numerous white, capillary, often somewhat crisped bristles that tend to fall connected, and some stouter outer bristles that fall separately; lactiferous herbs with alternate or all basal, entire to dissected, mostly auriculate, often prickly-margined lvs, and solitary to usually several or many, medium-sized to rather large heads in an irregularly corymbose-paniculiform to subumbelliform infl. 50, Old World.

Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.

©The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. Used by permission.
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Sonchus aquatilis
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not available
Sonchus arvensis
Image of Sonchus arvensis
Sonchus asper
Image of Sonchus asper
Sonchus bipontini
Image of Sonchus bipontini
Sonchus brachyotus
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not available
Sonchus floridanus
Image of Sonchus floridanus
Sonchus gigas
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not available
Sonchus leptocephalus
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not available
Sonchus luxurians
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Sonchus micranthus
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not available
Sonchus oleraceus
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Sonchus palmensis
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not available
Sonchus palustris
Image of Sonchus palustris
Sonchus prenanthoides
Image of Sonchus prenanthoides
Sonchus pruinatus
Image of Sonchus pruinatus
Sonchus schweinfurthii
Image of Sonchus schweinfurthii
Sonchus sibiricus
Image of Sonchus sibiricus
Sonchus tenerrimus
Image of Sonchus tenerrimus
Sonchus webbii
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The National Science Foundation
Development supported by National Science Foundation Grants (DBI 9983132, BRC 0237418, DBI 0743827, DBI 0847966)
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