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Papaver
Family: Papaveraceae
Papaver image
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Robert W. Kiger & David F. Murray in Flora of North America (vol. 3)
Herbs , annual, biennial, or perennial, scapose or caulescent, from taproots; sap white, orange, or red. Stems when present leafy. Leaves: basal rosulate, petiolate; cauline alternate, proximal leaves petiolate, distal subsessile or sessile, sometimes clasping (in P . somniferum ); blade unlobed or 1-3× pinnately lobed or parted; margins entire or toothed, scalloped, or incised. Inflorescences cymiform, with flowers disposed in 1s, 2s or 3s on long scapes or peduncles; bracts present; buds nodding [erect]. Flowers: sepals 2(-3), distinct; petals 4(-6); stamens many; pistil 3-18[-22]-carpellate; ovary 1-locular, sometimes incompletely multilocular by placental intrusion; style absent; stigmas 3-18[-22], radiating on sessile, ± lobed disc, velvety. Capsules erect, 3-18[-22]-pored or short-valved immediately beneath persistent or sometimes deciduous (in P . hybridum ) stigmatic disc. Seeds many, minutely pitted, aril absent. x = 7. Papaver is rich in alkaloids, notably opiates. The genus is quite complex cytologically; in addition to diploids, there are numerous polyploid species and some that apparently are aneuploid. Most commonly, n = 7 or a multiple, and 2 n ranges from 14 to over 100. There are published chromosome counts for almost every taxon in the flora, but for the introduced species none has been made from wild-collected North American material. The scapose poppies in the flora are native; the caulescent ones, except Papaver californicum , are introduced Eurasian ornamentals, crop weeds, and ballast waifs. All the scapose species are confined to arctic and alpine habitats. Plants of the introduced caulescent species, especially P . rhoeas , P . dubium , and P . somniferum , vary greatly in size, and surprisingly diminutive mature individuals are sometimes found, especially northward.

Vascular plants of NE US and adjacent Canada
Sep 2; pet normally 4, white or colored, our spp. never yellow; ovary of 4-many carpels, the placentas deeply intruded as partial partitions; stigmas as many as the carpels, sessile and radiating on a disk terminating the ovary; fr opening by small valves just below the margin of the stigmatic disk; seeds not arillate; herbs with milky or colored juice and large, usually long-peduncled fls terminating the stem and branches. 100, cosmop. Three cult. spp. that occasionally escape in our range are included in the key but not described

Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.

©The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. Used by permission.
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Species within inventory project:
Papaver alaskanum
Image of Papaver alaskanum
Papaver alboroseum
Image of Papaver alboroseum
Papaver alpinum
Image of Papaver alpinum
Papaver apulum
Images
not available
Papaver argemone
Image of Papaver argemone
Papaver armeniacum
Images
not available
Papaver atlanticum
Image of Papaver atlanticum
Papaver bracteatum
Image of Papaver bracteatum
Papaver californicum
Image of Papaver californicum
Papaver canescens
Image of Papaver canescens
Papaver caucasicum
Images
not available
Papaver coloradense
Images
not available
Papaver commutatum
Images
not available
Papaver cornwallisensis
Image of Papaver cornwallisensis
Papaver denalii
Image of Papaver denalii
Papaver dubium
Image of Papaver dubium
Papaver freedmanianum
Images
not available
Papaver glaucum
Image of Papaver glaucum
Papaver gorodkovii
Image of Papaver gorodkovii
Papaver heterophyllum
Image of Papaver heterophyllum
Papaver hultenii
Image of Papaver hultenii
Papaver humile
Images
not available
Papaver hybridum
Image of Papaver hybridum
Papaver keelei
Image of Papaver keelei
Papaver kluanense
Image of Papaver kluanense
Papaver lapponicum
Image of Papaver lapponicum
Papaver lateritium
Images
not available
Papaver macounii
Image of Papaver macounii
Papaver macrostomum
Images
not available
Papaver mcconnellii
Image of Papaver mcconnellii
Papaver miyabeanum
Images
not available
Papaver nigroflavum
Images
not available
Papaver nudicaule
Image of Papaver nudicaule
Papaver orientale
Image of Papaver orientale
Papaver pavoninum
Image of Papaver pavoninum
Papaver pilosum
Image of Papaver pilosum
Papaver pinnatifidum
Images
not available
Papaver polare
Images
not available
Papaver pygmaeum
Image of Papaver pygmaeum
Papaver radicatum
Image of Papaver radicatum
Papaver rhoeas
Image of Papaver rhoeas
Papaver rupifragum
Image of Papaver rupifragum
Papaver scammanianum
Image of Papaver scammanianum
Papaver sendtneri
Images
not available
Papaver somniferum
Image of Papaver somniferum
Papaver uintaense
Image of Papaver uintaense
Papaver walpolei
Image of Papaver walpolei
Papaver x strigosum
Images
not available
Roemeria refracta
Image of Roemeria refracta
The National Science Foundation
Developments of SEINet, Symbiota, and associated specimen databases have been supported by National Science Foundation Grants (DBI 9983132, BRC 0237418, DBI 0743827, DBI 0847966)