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Viola
Family: Violaceae
Viola image
Walter Fertig
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JANAS 33(1)
PLANT: Caulescent or acaulescent annual or perennial herbs. LEAVES: simple, dissected or compound, basal, cauline or both, stipulate, petiolate, alternate or opposite. INFLORESCENCE: flowers solitary, axillary or scapose. FLOWERS: sepals subequal, auriculate at base; petals unequal, the lower petal shorter or longer than others, the base elongated into a spur or gibbous on underside; lateral 2 petals generally spreading, generally bearded at base; upper 2 petals equal, erect or spreading; lower 2 stamens with nectaries projecting into the spur or sac; cleistogamous flowers present in many spp. FRUITS: ovoid to oblong, glabrous or hairy. SEEDS ca. 15‑20, usually ovoid, with a prominent caruncle. NOTES: Ca. 400 spp.; worldwide. (Latin: Viola, a classical name.) Clausen, J. 1964. MadroƱo 17:173‑197. REFERENCES: Little, R. John. Violaceae. 2001. J. Ariz. - Nev. Acad. Sci. Volume 33(1).
Vascular plants of NE US and adjacent Canada
Sep usually with posterior auricles; pet somewhat unequal, the 2 lateral ones often bearded internally at the base, the lower one usually with a basal spur or sac and sometimes bearded at the throat; stamens 5, the 2 lowermost bearing appendages that extend into the spur of the lower pet; ours herbs with axillary or basal 1-fld peduncles bearing 2 small bracts near the middle. Most spp. produce normal petaliferous fls in spring, and very fertile cleistogamous fls in summer. All spp. with cyanic (rather than yellow) fls produce occasional white-fld forms. Hybrids between closely related spp. are common, and spp. 3-8 form an intergrading polyploid complex. 400, mainly N. Temp.

Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.

©The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. Used by permission.
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Viola aberrans
Image of Viola aberrans
Viola abyssinica
Image of Viola abyssinica
Viola acuminata
Image of Viola acuminata
Viola acutifolia
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not available
Viola adunca
Image of Viola adunca
Viola aduncoides
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not available
Viola affinis
Image of Viola affinis
Viola alba
Image of Viola alba
Viola altaica
Image of Viola altaica
Viola ambigua
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not available
Viola amoena
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not available
Viola ampliata
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not available
Viola angellae
Image of Viola angellae
Viola angelliae
Image of Viola angelliae
Viola appalachiensis
Image of Viola appalachiensis
Viola arborescens
Image of Viola arborescens
Viola arcuata
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not available
Viola arenaria
Image of Viola arenaria
Viola arguta
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not available
Viola arizonica
Image of Viola arizonica
Viola arsenica
Image of Viola arsenica
Viola arvensis
Image of Viola arvensis
Viola asarifolia
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not available
Viola atlantica
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not available
Viola aurea
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Viola bakeri
Image of Viola bakeri
Viola bangii
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Viola barroetana
Image of Viola barroetana
Viola beckwithii
Image of Viola beckwithii
Viola bellidifolia
Image of Viola bellidifolia
Viola bernardii
Image of Viola bernardii
Viola betonicifolia
Image of Viola betonicifolia
Viola bicolor
Image of Viola bicolor
Viola biflora
Image of Viola biflora
Viola bissellii
Image of Viola bissellii
Viola biternata
Image of Viola biternata
Viola blanda
Image of Viola blanda
Viola boliviana
Image of Viola boliviana
Viola bridgesii
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not available
Viola brittoniana
Image of Viola brittoniana
Viola brooksii
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not available
Viola caesariensis
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not available
Viola calcarata
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Viola calcicola
Image of Viola calcicola
Viola caleyana
Image of Viola caleyana
Viola californica
Image of Viola californica
Viola canadensis
Image of Viola canadensis
Viola canescens
Image of Viola canescens
Viola canina
Image of Viola canina
Viola carolina
Image of Viola carolina
The National Science Foundation
Development supported by National Science Foundation Grants (DBI 9983132, BRC 0237418, DBI 0743827, DBI 0847966)
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