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Gaultheria
Family: Ericaceae
Gaultheria image
Paul Rothrock
  • FNA
  • Gleason & Cronquist
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Debra K. Trock in Flora of North America (vol. 8)
Shrubs or subshrubs, (sometimes rhizomatous or stoloniferous and rooting at nodes). Stems erect or procumbent; twigs glabrous or hairy. Leaves persistent, aromatic; blade ovate, elliptic, or orbiculate to subcordate or reniform, coriaceous, margins serrate, crenate, or ciliate, plane or revolute, surfaces glabrous or hairy; venation reticulodromous or brochidodromous. Inflorescences axillary, racemes, 2-12-flowered, sometimes flowers solitary; (bracteoles closely subtending flowers). Flowers: sepals (4-)5, connate basally to nearly their entire lengths, (sometimes exceeding petals), ovate, deltate, or cordate; petals (4-)5, connate ca. 1/2 to nearly their entire lengths, white or cream to pink, corolla urceolate to campanulate, lobes much shorter than tube; stamens 8 or 10, included, (inserted at base of ovary); filaments straight, flattened, usually widest proximally, glabrous or hairy, sometimes papillose, without spurs; anthers with 2-4 awns or without awns, dehiscent by pores with ventral slits, (white disintegration tissue present dorsally along connective); pistil 4-5-carpellate; ovary 5-locular; stigma truncate or capitate. Fruits capsular, 5-valved, globose, fleshy, (surrounded by persistent, fleshy calyx). Seeds 20-80+, ovoid; testa smooth. x = 11, 12, 13. Gaultheria is characterized by its fruit and by the stamens having flattened filaments and awned anthers. All of the species are woody to varying degrees; the growth form varies from erect or spreading shrubs to procumbent or creeping and mat-forming. Eastern Asia and the Andes mountains of South America are centers of diversity for this genus. In North America, the fruits and leaves of Gaultheria are a food source for wildlife, and native peoples have medicinal and food uses for some species. Oil of wintergreen (methyl salicylate) is found in the leaves and fruits of some species.

Vascular plants of NE US and adjacent Canada
Fls 4-5-merous; cal closely subtended by 2 bracteoles, campanulate to saucer-shaped, deeply divided; cor tubular to campanulate, shallowly lobed; stamens included; filaments short, flat; anthers oblong, the pollen-sacs separate or nearly so, each tipped by 2 erect awns; ovary 4-5-locular, wholly or partly superior; style short, columnar; stigma truncate; capsule thin-walled, completely enclosed in the fleshy, white or colored, accrescent cal, forming a dry or mealy berry-like fr with a characteristic flavor; erect to creeping shrubs with alternate, persistent lvs and usually white fls in racemes or panicles or (in our spp.) solitary in or just above the axils. 150, widespread.

Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.

©The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. Used by permission.
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Gaultheria acuminata
Image of Gaultheria acuminata
Gaultheria adenothrix
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Gaultheria amoena
Image of Gaultheria amoena
Gaultheria anastomosans
Image of Gaultheria anastomosans
Gaultheria angustifolia
Image of Gaultheria angustifolia
Gaultheria antarctica
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Gaultheria antipoda
Image of Gaultheria antipoda
Gaultheria appressa
Image of Gaultheria appressa
Gaultheria borneensis
Image of Gaultheria borneensis
Gaultheria bracteata
Image of Gaultheria bracteata
Gaultheria buxifolia
Image of Gaultheria buxifolia
Gaultheria cardiosepala
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Gaultheria chiriquensis
Image of Gaultheria chiriquensis
Gaultheria ciliisepala
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Gaultheria crassa
Image of Gaultheria crassa
Gaultheria crassifolia
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Gaultheria depressa
Image of Gaultheria depressa
Gaultheria domingensis
Image of Gaultheria domingensis
Gaultheria dumicola
Image of Gaultheria dumicola
Gaultheria empetrifolia
Image of Gaultheria empetrifolia
Gaultheria erecta
Image of Gaultheria erecta
Gaultheria eriophylla
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Gaultheria foliolosa
Image of Gaultheria foliolosa
Gaultheria fragrantissima
Image of Gaultheria fragrantissima
Gaultheria glaucifolia
Image of Gaultheria glaucifolia
Gaultheria glomerata
Image of Gaultheria glomerata
Gaultheria gracilis
Image of Gaultheria gracilis
Gaultheria griffithiana
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Gaultheria haemantha
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Gaultheria hidalgensis
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Gaultheria hirtiflora
Image of Gaultheria hirtiflora
Gaultheria hispida
Image of Gaultheria hispida
Gaultheria hispidula
Image of Gaultheria hispidula
Gaultheria humifusa
Image of Gaultheria humifusa
Gaultheria hypochlora
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Gaultheria insana
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Gaultheria insipida
Image of Gaultheria insipida
Gaultheria itatiaiae
Image of Gaultheria itatiaiae
Gaultheria lancifolia
Image of Gaultheria lancifolia
Gaultheria lanigera
Image of Gaultheria lanigera
Gaultheria leucocarpa
Image of Gaultheria leucocarpa
Gaultheria longipes
Image of Gaultheria longipes
Gaultheria luzonica
Image of Gaultheria luzonica
Gaultheria macrocalyx
Image of Gaultheria macrocalyx
Gaultheria malayana
Image of Gaultheria malayana
Gaultheria marticorenae
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Gaultheria megalodonta
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Gaultheria miqueliana
Image of Gaultheria miqueliana
Gaultheria mucronata
Image of Gaultheria mucronata
Gaultheria multiglandulosa
Image of Gaultheria multiglandulosa
The National Science Foundation
Development supported by National Science Foundation Grants (DBI 9983132, BRC 0237418, DBI 0743827, DBI 0847966)
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