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Urtica
Family: Urticaceae
Urtica image
Patrick Alexander
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David E. Boufford in Flora of North America (vol. 3)
Herbs , annual or perennial, with stinging and nonstinging hairs on same plant. Stems simple or branched, erect, ascending, or sprawling. Leaves opposite; stipules present. Leaf blades elliptic, lanceolate, ovate, or orbiculate, margins dentate to serrate; cystoliths rounded or ± elongate. Inflorescences axillary, lax, of cymes arranged in racemes or panicles. Flowers unisexual, staminate and pistillate flowers in loose to tight clusters in separate inflorescences or intermixed in same inflorescence on same or different plants; bracts narrowly triangular to lanceolate, lacking hooked hairs. Staminate flowers: tepals 4, distinct, equal; stamens 4; pistillode cuplike. Pistillate flowers: tepals 4, distinct, inner 2 equal to achene, outer 2 smaller, without hooked hairs; staminodes absent; style absent; stigma tufted, persistent or deciduous. Achenes sessile, laterally compressed, ovoid or deltoid, loosely enclosed by inner tepals. x = 12, 13.
JANAS 26(1)
PLANT: Erect, ascending, or sprawling, monoecious or dioecious, annual or perennial herbs with stinging and non-stinging hairs. LEAVES: opposite, stipulate, the blades elliptic, lanceolate, ovate to broadly ovate, or circular, dentate to serrate, with punctiform or more or less elongate cystoliths. INFLORESCENCE: axillary, of cymes arranged in lax racemes or panicles, or in loose to tight clusters, staminate and pistillate flowers in separate inflorescences, or staminate and pistillate flowers alternately arranged in the same inflorescence. STAMINATE FLOWERS: with 4 equal tepals, 4 stamens, and a rudimentary, cuplike ovary. PISTILLATE FLOWERS: with 4 tepals (the 2 outer smaller, at least in fruit); style absent; stigmas tufted. FRUIT: flattened, ovoid or deltoid, loosely enclosed by the inner tepals, the stigmatic tuft deciduous or persistent on the mature fruit. NOTES: A genus of about 45 spp. indigenous to temperate areas of both hemispheres. Woodland, D. W. 1982. Syst. Bot. 7:269 281. Woodland, D. W. 1982. Syst. Bot. 7:282 290. Woodland, D. W., I. J. Bassett, & C. W. Crompton. 1976. Canad. J. Bot. 54:374 383. (Latin: based on urere = to burn). REFERENCES: Boufford, David E. 1992. Urticaceae. Ariz.-Nev. Acad. Sci. 26(1)2.
Vascular plants of NE US and adjacent Canada
Dioecious or monoecious; male fls with 4 subequal sep, 4 stamens, and vestigial ovary; sep of the female fls unequal, the outer 2 small and inconspicuous; stigma capitate-tufted; fr a lenticular achene enclosed by the 2 inner sep; herbs with opposite lvs, ±beset with stinging bristles; fls minute, in panicles, spikes, or head-like clusters from the upper axils. 25, widespread.

Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.

©The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. Used by permission.
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Urtica angustifolia
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Urtica aquatica
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Urtica baccifera
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Urtica ballotifolia
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Urtica canadensis
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Urtica cannabina
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Urtica chamaedryoides
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Urtica circularis
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Urtica dioica
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Urtica domingensis
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Urtica echinata
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Urtica ferox
Image of Urtica ferox
Urtica glomerata
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Urtica glomeruliflora
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Urtica gracilenta
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Urtica gracilis
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Urtica grandis
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Urtica granulosa
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Urtica herniarioides
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Urtica incisa
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Urtica interrupta
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Urtica kioviensis
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Urtica laetevirens
Image of Urtica laetevirens
Urtica leptophylla
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Urtica magellanica
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Urtica massaica
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Urtica membranacea
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Urtica mexicana
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Urtica nivea
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Urtica nummulariifolia
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Urtica parietaria
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Urtica pilulifera
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Urtica platyphylla
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Urtica pubescens
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Urtica pumila
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Urtica purpurascens
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Urtica spirealis
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Urtica subincisa
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Urtica thunbergiana
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Urtica trianthemoides
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Urtica urens
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The National Science Foundation
Development supported by National Science Foundation Grants (DBI 9983132, BRC 0237418, DBI 0743827, DBI 0847966)
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