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Pinus
Family: Pinaceae
Pinus image
Thomas Van Devender
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Robert Kral from Flora of North America (vol. 2)
Trees or shrubs aromatic, evergreen; crown usually conic when young, often rounded or flat-topped with age. Bark of older stems variously furrowed and plated, plates and/or ridges layered or scaly. Branches usually in pseudowhorls; shoots dimorphic with long shoots and short shoots; short shoots borne in close spirals from axils of scaly bracts and bearing fascicles of leaves (needles). Buds ovoid to cylindric, apex pointed (blunt), usually resinous. Leaves dimorphic, spirally arranged; foliage leaves (needles) (1--)2--5(--6) per fascicle, persisting 2--12 or more years, terete or ± 2--3-angled and rounded on abaxial surface, sessile, sheathed at base by 12--15 overlapping scale leaves, these (at least firmer basal ones) persisting for life of fascicle or shed after first season; resin canals 2 or more. Pollen cones in dense, spikelike cluster around base of current year's growth, mostly ovoid to cylindric-conic, tan to yellow, red, blue, or lavender. Seed cones maturing in 2(--3) years, shed early or variously persistent, pendent to ± erect, at maturity conic or cylindric, sessile or stalked, shedding seed soon after maturity or variously serotinous (not opening upon maturity but much later); scales persistent, woody or pliable, surface of exposed apical portion of each scale (apophysis) thickened, with umbo (exposed scale surface of young cone) represented by a scar (sometimes apiculate) or extended into a hook, spur, claw, or prickle; bracts included. Seeds winged or wingless; cotyledons (3--)6--10(--18). x =12.
Vascular plants of NE US and adjacent Canada
Male cones in fascicles at the base of the current year's growth; female cones woody, maturing at the end of the second or third season and often long-persistent; apophysis (exposed portion of the mature cone-scale) marked by a transverse line or ridge interrupted in the center by a linear to round or quadrate, often elevated or spine-bearing umbo, or the umbo sometimes terminal; evergreen trees or shrubs with dimorphic branches and lvs, the long branches (except in seedlings) bearing only scale-lvs, from the axils of which early appear very short dwarf branches, each bearing a cluster of (1)2-5 needle-like lvs, the cluster surrounded at the base by a bundle- sheath of 1 or more membranous scale-lvs; dwarf branches eventually (after 2-several years) deciduous with the lvs; evergreen trees or shrubs; 2n=24. Nearly 100, N. Hemisphere.

Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.

©The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. Used by permission.
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Pinus albicaulis
Image of Pinus albicaulis
Pinus aristata
Image of Pinus aristata
Pinus arizonica
Image of Pinus arizonica
Pinus armandii
Image of Pinus armandii
Pinus attenuata
Image of Pinus attenuata
Pinus attenuradiata
Image of Pinus attenuradiata
Pinus australis
Image of Pinus australis
Pinus ayacahuite
Image of Pinus ayacahuite
Pinus balfouriana
Image of Pinus balfouriana
Pinus banksiana
Image of Pinus banksiana
Pinus bhutanica
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not available
Pinus brutia
Image of Pinus brutia
Pinus bungeana
Image of Pinus bungeana
Pinus canariensis
Image of Pinus canariensis
Pinus caribaea
Image of Pinus caribaea
Pinus cembra
Image of Pinus cembra
Pinus cembroides
Image of Pinus cembroides
Pinus chiapensis
Image of Pinus chiapensis
Pinus clausa
Image of Pinus clausa
Pinus contorta
Image of Pinus contorta
Pinus cooperi
Image of Pinus cooperi
Pinus coulteri
Image of Pinus coulteri
Pinus cubensis
Image of Pinus cubensis
Pinus culminicola
Image of Pinus culminicola
Pinus dalatensis
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not available
Pinus deflexa
Image of Pinus deflexa
Pinus densa
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Pinus densiflora
Image of Pinus densiflora
Pinus devoniana
Image of Pinus devoniana
Pinus douglasiana
Image of Pinus douglasiana
Pinus durangensis
Image of Pinus durangensis
Pinus echinata
Image of Pinus echinata
Pinus edulis
Image of Pinus edulis
Pinus elliottii
Image of Pinus elliottii
Pinus engelmannii
Image of Pinus engelmannii
Pinus eslavae
Image of Pinus eslavae
Pinus estevezii
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not available
Pinus fenzeliana
Image of Pinus fenzeliana
Pinus flexilis
Image of Pinus flexilis
Pinus fraseri
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not available
Pinus georginae
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Pinus gerardiana
Image of Pinus gerardiana
Pinus glabra
Image of Pinus glabra
Pinus greggii
Image of Pinus greggii
Pinus griffithii
Image of Pinus griffithii
Pinus hakkodensis
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Pinus halepensis
Image of Pinus halepensis
Pinus hartwegii
Image of Pinus hartwegii
Pinus heldreichii
Image of Pinus heldreichii
Pinus henryi
Image of Pinus henryi
The National Science Foundation
Development supported by National Science Foundation Grants (DBI 9983132, BRC 0237418, DBI 0743827, DBI 0847966)
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