Petioles 5-30 cm, lfls emergent, short-stalked or virtually sessile, entire or wavy-margined, elliptic ovate to elliptic-obovate, 3-6 cm at anthesis, larger later; infl crowded at anthesis; pedicels 5-20 mm, sometimes 2 from one axil; cor whitish, usually purple-tinged, the tube ca twice as long as the 3-5 mm cal, the lobes lance-ovate, 5-7 mm; fr thick-walled, 6-9 mm; 2n=54, 108. In quiet shallow cold water; circumboreal, s. to N.J., Va., O., Ind., Mo., and Calif. May, June.

Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.

©The New York Botanical Garden. All rights reserved. Used by permission.

From Flora of Indiana (1940) by Charles C. Deam

Frequent in tamarack bogs and marshes in the lake area before these were drained; now becoming rare.

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Indiana Coefficient of Conservatism: C = 10

Wetland Indicator Status: OBL