Plant: large shrub; to 3 m tall, with thorns to 2.5 cm long; branches zigzag; bark gray, smooth Leaves: evergreen; blades ovate to elliptic, symmetrical or nearly so, to 3(-4) cm long and 2(-2.3) cm wide, green above and below, thickish, without insect galls, the base rounded but sometimes slightly notched, the apex rounded to acute, mucronate or sometimes with a tiny apical notch; margin entire basally, then often crenate to serrate apically, a tooth often mucronate; veins not reticulate, the basal set of axils bearing domatia (small pits in which insects and arachnids often live); surfaces scabrous, the abaxial hairs many both on and in between veins with those between veins erect to appressed, antrorse, and weakly pustular Inflorescence: uniflorous or small cymes or fascicles, appearing with new leaves Flowers: with pedicels, staminate near the base of the new spring growth, distally pistillate, the intermediate flowers sometimes perfect; calyx lobes usually 5-6, distinct nearly to the base; stamens 4-5, exserted, non-functional and usually shorter in pistillate flowers; pistil reduced in staminate flowers; styles 2, plumose Fruit: DRUPES spherical to ovoid, orange, yellow, or red, 3-5 mm in diameter, on pedicels 1-5 mm long; the stones thick-walled Misc: Usually in desert washes and riparian floodplains, often forming thickets; 400-1200(-1700) m [1300-4000(-5600) ft.]; fl. buds year-round, fl. Mar-Nov (especially Mar-Jun), fr. year-round, especially Apr-Jul and Nov-Jan References: L. Benson & R. Darrow. Trees and Shrubs of the Southwestern Deserts. Kearney & Peebles. Arizona Flora. ASU specimens. Brasher, Jeffrey W. 2003. Ulmaceae. J. Ariz. – Nev. Acad. Sci. Volume 35(2).